I specialize in modern Korean history. My research interests include how religion has informed both modernization and the formation of national identities in Korea since the late-nineteenth century. I am currently completing my first book manuscript, United Through Separation: American Missionaries, Korean Converts, and Government Officials, 1884-1942. This work interrogates how missionaries, converts, and officials manipulated the ambiguities in Korean Christianity’s status as both “Korean” and “Christian” to enforce their respective visions for this religion during the “open ports” and colonial periods.